性能测试工具sysbench简介
sysbench是一款开源的多线程性能测试工具，可以执行CPU/内存/线程/IO/数据库等方面的性能测试。数据库目前支持MySQL/Oracle/PostgreSQL。本文只是简单演示一下几种测试的用法，后续准备利用sysbench来对MySQL进行一系列的测试。具体的一些参数设置，需要根据不同的测试要求来进行调整。
下载
http://sourceforge.net/projects/sysbench/
编译安装
默认支持MySQL，如果需要测试Oracle/PostgreSQL，则在configure时需要加上–with-oracle或者–with-pgsql参数
./configure --prefix=/u01/sysbench \ --with-mysql-includes=/opt/mysql/include/mysql \ --with-mysql-libs=/opt/mysql/lib/mysql make && make install
参数
NinGoo:/u01/sysbench/bin>$sysbench Missing required command argument. Usage: sysbench [general-options]... --test=[test-options]... command General options: --num-threads=N number of threads to use [1] --max-requests=N limit for total number of requests [10000] --max-time=N limit for total execution time in seconds [0] --forced-shutdown=STRING amount of time to wait after --max-time before forcing shutdown [off] --thread-stack-size=SIZE size of stack per thread [32K] --init-rng=[on|off] initialize random number generator [off] --test=STRING test to run --debug=[on|off] print more debugging info [off] --validate=[on|off] perform validation checks where possible [off] --help=[on|off] print help and exit --version=[on|off] print version and exit Compiled-in tests: fileio - File I/O test cpu - CPU performance test memory - Memory functions speed test threads - Threads subsystem performance test mutex - Mutex performance test oltp - OLTP test Commands: prepare run cleanup help version See 'sysbench --test= help' for a list of options for each test.
MySQL的benchmark函数
MySQL实现了很多独特的函数，有时候使用起来是非常的方便，或许这就是开源的好处吧。这里记录一下benchmark函数，一个用于测试MySQL函数性能的函数。benchmark函数只有两个参数，第一个是执行次数，第二个是要测试的函数或者表达式。返回的结果始终是0，执行时间才是我们需要的结果：
+-------------------------------+
| benchmark(1e8,current_date()) |
+-------------------------------+
| 0 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (31.08 sec)
mysql> select benchmark(1e8,abs(1));
+-----------------------+
| benchmark(1e8,abs(1)) |
+-----------------------+
| 0 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (1.31 sec)
除法的效率明显不如乘法：
+--------------------+
| benchmark(1e8,1*1) |
+--------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (1.45 sec)
mysql> select benchmark(1e8,1/1);
+--------------------+
| benchmark(1e8,1/1) |
+--------------------+
| 0 |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (19.47 sec)
MySQL压力测试工具mysqlslap
MySQL从5.1.4版开始带有一个压力测试工具mysqlslap，通过模拟多个并发客户端访问mysql来执行测试，使用起来非常的简单。通过mysqlslap –help可以获得可用的选项，这里列一些主要的参数，更详细的说明参考官方手册。
–auto-generate-sql, -a
自动生成测试表和数据–auto-generate-sql-load-type=type
测试语句的类型。取值包括：read，key，write，update和mixed(默认)。–number-char-cols=N, -x N
自动生成的测试表中包含多少个字符类型的列，默认1–number-int-cols=N, -y N
自动生成的测试表中包含多少个数字类型的列，默认1–number-of-queries=N
总的测试查询次数(并发客户数×每客户查询次数)–query=name,-q
使用自定义脚本执行测试，例如可以调用自定义的一个存储过程或者sql语句来执行测试。–create-schema
测试的schema，MySQL中schema也就是database–commint=N
多少条DML后提交一次–compress, -C
如果服务器和客户端支持都压缩，则压缩信息传递–concurrency=N, -c N
并发量，也就是模拟多少个客户端同时执行select。可指定多个值，以逗号或者–delimiter参数指定的值做为分隔符–engine=engine_name, -e engine_name
创建测试表所使用的存储引擎，可指定多个–iterations=N, -i N
测试执行的迭代次数–detach=N
执行N条语句后断开重连–debug-info, -T
打印内存和CPU的信息–only-print
只打印测试语句而不实际执行
测试的过程需要生成测试表，插入测试数据，这个mysqlslap可以自动生成，默认生成一个mysqlslap的schema，如果已经存在则先删除，这里要注意了，不要用–create-schema指定已经存在的库，否则后果可能很严重。可以用–only-print来打印实际的测试过程：
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `mysqlslap`;
CREATE SCHEMA `mysqlslap`;
use mysqlslap;
CREATE TABLE `t1` (intcol1 INT(32) ,charcol1 VARCHAR(128));
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1804289383,'mxvtvmC9127qJNm06sGB8R92q2j7vTiiITRDGXM9ZLzkdekbWtmXKwZ2qG1llkRw5m9DHOFilEREk3q7oce8O3BEJC0woJsm6uzFAEynLH2xCsw1KQ1lT4zg9rdxBL');
...
SELECT intcol1,charcol1 FROM t1;
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (364531492,'qMa5SuKo4M5OM7ldvisSc6WK9rsG9E8sSixocHdgfa5uiiNTGFxkDJ4EAwWC2e4NL1BpAgWiFRcp1zIH6F1BayPdmwphatwnmzdwgzWnQ6SRxmcvtd6JRYwEKdvuWr');
DROP SCHEMA IF EXISTS `mysqlslap`;
可以看到最后由删除一开始创建的schema的动作，整个测试完成后不会在数据库中留下痕迹。假如我们执行一次测试，分别50和100个并发，执行1000次总查询，那么：
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 20
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.453 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.453 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.453 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 10
User time 0.29, System time 0.11
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 4032, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 7319, Involuntary context switches 681
上结果可以看出，50和100个并发分别得到一次测试结果(Benchmark)，并发数越多，执行完所有查询的时间越长。为了准确起见，可以多迭代测试几次:
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.380 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.377 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.385 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 20
Benchmark
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.447 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.444 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.451 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 10
User time 1.44, System time 0.67
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 17922, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 36796, Involuntary context switches 4093
测试同时不同的存储引擎的性能进行对比：
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.200 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.188 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.210 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 20
Benchmark
Running for engine myisam
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.238 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.228 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.251 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 10
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.375 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.370 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.379 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 50
Average number of queries per client: 20
Benchmark
Running for engine innodb
Average number of seconds to run all queries: 0.443 seconds
Minimum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.440 seconds
Maximum number of seconds to run all queries: 0.447 seconds
Number of clients running queries: 100
Average number of queries per client: 10
User time 2.83, System time 1.66
Maximum resident set size 0, Integral resident set size 0
Non-physical pagefaults 34692, Physical pagefaults 0, Swaps 0
Blocks in 0 out 0, Messages in 0 out 0, Signals 0
Voluntary context switches 87306, Involuntary context switches 10326
压力测试和展示工具Swingbench简介
上次在OOW了解到一个压力测试工具Swingbench，这是Oracle UK的一个员工在一个被抛弃的项目的基础上开发的。目前稳定版本2.2，最新版本2.3，基于JDK1.5。该工具是免费的，可以在作者的网站(国内无法访问，需要使用代理，推荐Torpack，最新版已经改名叫XeroBank Browser)上自由下载，并且拥有详细的使用文档。除了Swingbench，作者还开发了两个相关工具：测试数据生成工具DataGenerator和跟踪文件分析工具Trace Analyzer。
